KATCHAR
SCIENTIFIC PERIODICAL
II, 2023
Recommended by the Scientific Council of the International
Scientific–Educational Center of NAS RA
ASHOT ZAQARYAN
Head of the Legal division of
The staff of administrative district Avan, Yerevan city
Applicant of the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law NAS
GARNIK SAFARYAN
Тhe Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law NAS,
Doctor of Sciences in Law, Professor
Chief researcher
HISTORICAL STAGES OF THE FORMATION OF THE IDEA OF LIMITING STATE POWER
Abstract
The article discusses the most important theoretical and practical issues of modern jurisprudence: the legal limitations of state power, the historical overview of their origin and development. It is obvious that without the various approaches to the concept of limitation of state power presented by world-famous philosophers and lawyers, as well as the analysis of historical legal acts, it is impossible to reveal the essence of the legal limitation of state power.
Based on the characteristics of the research and the scope of the questions analyzed in it, both general and specific methods, such as comparative-legal, analytical, historical and other methods were used during the following research.
The article reveals the essence of the concept of "legal limitation" that exists in modern legal literature. Moreover, the features of the origin and development of the idea of limiting state power were presented, starting from ancient times, when the power of the monarch, practically, was not limited.
Moreover, special attention was paid to the views of the representatives of German and American political and legal thought (I. Kant, G. Hegel, G. Jellinek, A. Hamilton, T. Jefferson, J. Madison, etc.) on the relationship of the state with the individual and limitation of state power.
The article also provides a brief overview of the main provisions on the limitation of state power, enshrined in the fundamental documents such as the Magna Carta and the Petition of Rights.
Within the framework of the article, the authors conclude that the limitation of state sovereignty, having passed a difficult path of development, continues to be a problem of paramount importance in modern globalization processes.
Keywords and phrases: limiting state power, government, monarch, human rights, legal limitation, legal status, philosopher, political thought, Magna Carta, separation of powers.
SATENIK MKRTCHYAN
National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia
International Scientific -Educational Center
Department of Pedagogy
Master's student
NAIRA HAKOBYAN
Deputy Director for Research Work of the International Scientific and Educational Center
of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia,
Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor
GENDER-BASED COMMUNICATION CHARACTERISTICS AMONG YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN
Abstract
As part of this study, we studied the features of gender communication in elementary school. Gender equality issues among younger pupils, the amount of portrayal of gender roles in primary school, and pedagogical settings for addressing potential gender obstacles were all considered. Gender representation in a variety of primary school textbooks was also investigated, which we believe plays an essential function in the context of gender education for younger schoolchildren. An attempt was made to explore the topic in further depth using quantitative research and a survey. Particular problems were identified as a result of the analysis of the research results and the study of relevant literature and documents: weak, sometimes stereotypical representation of the female sex in textbooks, lack of communication between younger schoolchildren of different genders due to conflict situations, and a lack of pedagogical conditions for controlling the situation. Among the problems, we can highlight the lack of effective forms of family–school cooperation. As a result of our investigation, we discovered a number of mechanisms, the usage of which may significantly contribute to maintaining equitable communication between younger pupils of different genders, based on mutual understanding, mutual respect, and tolerance. We are sure that the issue is critical to student development and education, and that it will play a significant role in how holistic schoolchildren's psychology will be already in middle and high schools, as well as how cohesive the atmosphere and non-conflict communication between students of different sexes in general education classes.
Keywords and phrases: gender, gender education, primary school, educational process, psychological and physiological features, upbringing.
MERI SARGSYAN
National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia,
International Scientific-Educational Center,
Scientific Secretary,
Institute of Language after H. Acharyan, Senior Researcher,
PhD in Philological Sciences, Associate Professor
DIGITAL LINGUISTICS AS A NEW DIRECTION IN LANGUAGE STUDY: DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Abstract
In the recent period of linguistics history, on the one hand, fundamental and related scientific disciplines have emerged, on the other hand, the fields of theoretical and applied linguistics have become limited, and the role of trans-theory and trans-linguistics has increased, which has also turned significant achievements of one field into achievements of others. Whereas at the beginning of the 21st century linguistics was gradually moving from a closed, immanent state to being more or less accessible relative to external factors, linguistics now interacts freely with other sciences. It can therefore be assumed that internal linguistics is evolving into interdisciplinary, anthropological linguistics. Evolutionary linguistics researchers, talking about the development of linguistics, emphasize that linguistics is now becoming more quantitative. We live in the digital era, and distance is no longer as important today as it was in the last century, thanks to modern communication technologies. The considerable linguistic corpora now available, analytical methods in evolutionary biology, graphical analysis, and statistical methods make it possible to study language and represent linguistic phenomena in a multifaceted way. It can be unequivocally said that in our digital era, we are dealing with interdisciplinary digital linguistics and in the study of which the quantitative approach becomes dominant.
Along with the development of digital technologies, new scientific disciplines have emerged in linguistics, which on the one hand have displaced previously functioning scientific disciplines from the arena and on the other hand have come to occupy a central role in the field of linguistic research. Linguistics seems to be changing its nature from a theoretical to an experimental field. In almost all disciplines (grammar, phonology, pragmatics) the role of experimental research has increased. Operational changes have also been observed in the methodology of linguistic disciplines.
The aim of this article is to present the changes in the linguistic paradigm in the digital era, to comprehend the positive and negative aspects of these changes, to highlight the features and trends of digital linguistics, to show the shifts in the system of linguistic disciplines, the transformation of disciplines and the prospects for development.
Referring to the results of recent studies in evolutionary linguistics, as well as comparing linguistic disciplines operating at different stages of language development, we can state that now, in the era of great possibilities of digital technology, linguistics has undergone quite interesting transformations, the main problem being the integrated representation of language, the discovery of the functional aspect of language, the discovery of links between language and other phenomena, etc. Today we see a completely new quality in the development of linguistics in the form of digital linguistics, which comes with already renewed and completely new disciplines. Digital linguistics can create significant prospects for strengthening links between different linguistic centers and for carrying out interdisciplinary collaborative research. It allows not only the description of individual specific languages but also theoretical and linguophilosophical problems, equally dealing with intralinguistic and extra-linguistic problems.
Keywords and phrases: digital linguistics, digital technologies, linguistic paradigm, language study, linguistic disciplines.
ARMEN AVETISYAN
Kh. Abovyan Armenian State Pedagogical University
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF THE DESTRUCTIVE IMPACT OF UNRELIABLE INFORMATION ON A PERSON AND A GROUP
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to identify the socio-psychological mechanisms of the destructive impact of unreliable information on a person and a group, and the discovery of their consequences. In the article we touched upon the essence of hybrid warfare, the socio-psychological mechanisms of negative destructive impact on a person, a group, in particular student youth through information, as well as ways of their expression. We have proved that in post-war Armenia it is especially important to solve the problem of countering the negative informational and psychological influences of the enemy both at the national, state, public and personal levels.
Keywords and phrases: misleading information, a person, a group, destructive influence, false information, student youth, hybrid war.
GAGIK MAILYAN
Member of the RA Chamber of Advocates,
National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia
Applicant of the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law
LILIT KAZANCHIAN
National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia
International Scientific-Educational Center, Lecturer
NAS Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law, Senior Researcher
PhD in Judicial Sciences, Associate Professor
CHARACTERISTICS OF MUTUAL RESPONSIBILITY AND
OBLIGATIONS BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE INDIVIDUAL
IN A LEGAL DEMOCRATIC STATE
Abstract
In this article we present the features of the mutual responsibility and obligations (duties) of the state and the individual in a legal democratic state, based on the study of international and domestic legislation and the opinions of famous jurists.
In particular, the features of the concepts of “personality”, “obligation”, “duty” and other important components of the concept of “responsibility” are revealed. For instance, we emphasize that some modern jurists identify the term “obligation” as an action that a citizen is required to fulfill by law and “responsibility” as an action that a citizen should take for the sake of the common good.
Legal obligation is presented in the article as the necessary behavior of a participant in legal relations provided by law and protected by law in relation to an eligible subject (person, organization, society, or state).
The article describes the problem of “legal liability (responsibility)” and the need to study it and its characteristics. Legal liability (responsibility) is inextricably linked with the state, the norms of law, the duty and illegal behavior of people and their associations.
The article emphasizes that globalization processes entail changes in the system of human rights related to the scope and types of freedom and legal responsibility of the individual. Moreover, relations between the state and the individual should be based on the principle of equality, partnership and mutual responsibility. The state is obliged to ensure justice in the relations of its citizens.
The article underlines that the state, represented by its bodies and officials, will be held responsible for non-fulfillment of its duties in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Armenia.
The problem of the inevitability of responsibility is closely related to the level of corruption, improper performance by officials of their duties and the existence of legal responsibility and legal nihilism in society. In addition, the article analyzes the principle of criminal liability of legal entities, which is an innovation in the New Criminal Code of the Republic of Armenia.
The conducted research indicates that the state has a positive responsibility for creating the necessary conditions for people to exercise their rights and freedoms, for maintaining proper public order in the country, and for ensuring the personal safety of members of society, their protection from criminal encroachments.
Consequently, the formation of a rule of law state is impossible without the implementation of the legal responsibility of the state and its officials and representatives before the individual.
Keywords and phrases: personality, obligation, duty, responsibility, government, guarantees, deputy, legal state, human rights and freedoms.
Armenian State Pedagogical University after Kh. Abovyan,
Applicant
ON THE DEFINITION OF GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER
IN ADOLESCENCE
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the gender identity of adolescents and the role that it plays in the mental health and behavior of children. Gender identity can be defined as a set of knowledge covering an assessment of a person’s compatibility with his sex and motivation in order to correspond to his gender. This is a multidimensional term through which we can investigate gender identity disorders. One of the aspects of gender identity, which is of central importance for theory and research, is the typicality of the same gender or independent similarity of people with their gender team. Caring about this aspect of gender identity reflects the scientific interest in expressions of the sense of masculinity or femininity of people in the context of their mental health and social behavior. These terms are rarely used today because of obscurity in the meaning, but the concept that relates to compatibility with the gender is important and relevant. The main goal of our review is the assessment of gender roles or gender identities of adolescents. Nevertheless, the conceptualization of gender identity has recently expanded to enable additional dimensions, such as similarity with another sex and satisfaction with its gender. These additional aspects of gender identity are important in themselves, but they also interact with the indicators of the typical perception of the gender in order to positively influence adolescents’ welfare. For example, children who feel different from same-sex peers are faced with difficulties in communication, first of all, if they also experience strong pressure on gender correspondence or feel like another sex. Thus, it is important to study various aspects of gender identity in combination with each other. The concepts of “gender role” and “gender identity” are closely related to each other. At the same time, gender identity is the subjective experience of the gender role, and the gender role is the social expression of gender identity. The assimilation of gender roles forms the psychological development of sex, which is characterized by the skill of certain attributes of behavior and emotional reactions. The concepts of “gender identity” and “gender identity disorder” are used in the research of many authors as a scientific term. In the interests of scientific and practical application of terms and concepts that illuminate the problem of self-awareness and gender identity disorder, a detailed study of the theory of gender identity is required.
Keywords and phrases: Gender identity, gender identity disorder, adolescents, factor, adaptation mechanisms.
LILIT HOVHANNISYAN
National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia
International Scientific Educational Center
Institute of History
Department of History of the Armenian Question and
Genocide of Armenians, Senior Researcher
PhD in Historical Sciences, Associate Professor
THE NEED FOR ADDITIONS TO THE “CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIMES OF GENOCIDE” DATED DECEMBER 9, 1948, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE FACTS OF THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE
Abstract
The Armenian Genocide is one of the heaviest crimes against humanity. It is also the wound of the Armenian people that won’t heal. Along with remembering the pain suffered, the Armenian Genocide obliges Armenian people to fight for the sake of Armenian national security and the restoration of national just rights – compensation for the territorial, material, moral and psychological damages of the Genocide.
When the Turkish authorities were planning and implementing the plan to exterminate the Armenian people, the concept of “genocide” did not exist yet. The only section of international law whose norms were corresponding to the actions taken against the Armenians during the Armenian Genocide was the law of war and peace, with the relevant Hague conventions adopted in 1899 and 1907.
After World War II, on December 9, 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. In it, genocide means any of the following five acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such (a) killing members of the group; (b) causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; (c) deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; (e) forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. All these acts characterizing the genocide fully correspond to the methods used for the physical extermination of Armenians during the Armenian Genocide in 1915-1916. Nevertheless, the existence of the Convention had no (and continues to not have) practical significance in preventing the crimes of genocide that occurred in the 20th century and are happening now, as well as in bringing the politicians and states respectively to a criminal and political responsibility because the document has significant flaws.
In this work, the shortcomings of the Convention are examined on the example of the Armenian Genocide, which justify the need to revise the document. In particular, the question of determining the political responsibility of the state for the genocide, regardless of the statute of limitations, the right of the victims of the genocide to receive compensation, including and first of all the right to return to the homeland, the need to provide punishment for forcibly deporting the population from their homeland and carrying out national-cultural genocide, has been examined.
The incompleteness of the provisions of the Genocide Convention affects the process of international recognition and condemnation of the fact of the Armenian Genocide, because it allows states to bypass the well-known principles and norms of international law, formally justifying this approach with the shortcomings of the document in question.
Keywords and phrases: Armenian Genocide, United Nations, international law, Genocide Convention, deportation, crime against humanity and civilization, Armenian question, Armenian claims under international law.
MARO DETLOFF
National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia
International Scientific Educational Center
Economics and Management Department
PhD in Economics, Associate Professor
SECONDARY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
Abstract
The article is devoted to the need for effective management of secondary resources, the identification of existing problems in the Republic of Armenia and ways to solve them.
The article analyzes the leading experience of developed countries in waste management, the current state of household solid waste (general type, paper, plastic, glass and biodegradable - bio) management according to the five-level 5R hierarchy of waste regulation.
The article presents and analyzes waste management measures, strategies and laws implemented in RA.
Given the steadily depleting natural resources, issues related to the extraction and efficient use of limited resources have become a priority, as waste is a valuable secondary resource. In recent years, the concept of the circular economy and related policies have addressed resource use, production, consumption and waste. This concept aims to close material loops, keeping the value of products, materials and resources in the economy for as long as possible. This effectively reduces the generation of waste and the use of primary resources and materials. The use of resources and the generation and processing of waste lead to significant environmental problems at the stages of extraction, production, use, and the end of the life cycle. As such, the goals of environmental policy include reducing the amount of materials used in the economy, improving resource efficiency, reducing waste generation, and turning waste into a resource, so one of the current main orientations of economics is the combination of economic and environmental issues, which enables them to be considered in a systemic approach. Waste is a potential pollutant for the environment, which can turn into a secondary raw material (resource) when used, and become a pollutant under uncontrollable conditions, so it is necessary to develop a unified state policy in the field of secondary resources, particularly solid household waste management.
Countries around the world have to face the challenge of increasing volumes of solid waste, so the development and implementation of effective national waste management policy is necessary.
European countries currently employ the hierarchy of waste regulation (5R), which defines a conceptual framework fully consistent with the principles of circular economy. The adoption of the waste hierarchy and its integration into national policies and strategies should become a priority for the Armenian government. Separate components of the waste hierarchy, in particular waste prevention, reduction and recovery, are present in Armenian legislation and strategies, but they have not been properly prioritized.
Analyzing the current state of measures of the hierarchy of waste regulation in the Republic of Armenia, the management of secondary resources, in particular, waste in the Republic of Armenia can be assessed as poorly developed.
All the steps taken and solutions proposed so far towards waste regulation have been piecemeal in nature and have mainly concerned the collection of waste without sorting and compacting it from the settlements. Community, private initiatives, with the support of international non-governmental organizations, mainly concerned some individual components in the household solid waste management process.
Keywords and phrases: secondary resource, waste management, solid household waste, waste hierarchy, recovery, recycling, reuse.
International Scientific Educational Center of NAS RA
Yerevan State University
PhD in Philological Sciences, Associate Professor
(A SYNCHRONIC-DIACHRONIC ANALYSIS)
Abstract
The lexical stock of any language as its constituent part immediately reflects changes in the social and scientific life of its speakers, i. e. it expresses the changes and evolution of the language itself over time. Every new phenomenon appearing in science, technology, social life, etc. gets its verbal expression at once, which enriches the vocabulary of the language, and legal language is no exception. In its turn, the emergence of new terms happens due to the continuous development and improvement of the vocabulary of the language. These newly coined terms often become established, rooted in the language just as ordinary words and, in this way, make its vocabulary richer.
The main source of the development of the Armenian language is its internal capabilities, word-formation and internal borrowings. One of the ways of language development is considered to be the so called «internal borrowing - ներքին փոխառություն». All languages undergo various changes during their evolution under both internal and external factors. Words borrowed from other languages, which enter it mainly through literary works, translations, etc., are considered to be external borrowings, whereas the ones loaned from the earlier periods of the same language or its non-standard varieties are considered to be internal borrowings.
Internal borrowings from earlier periods of the same language can provide insight into the evolution of the language and how it has developed over time. The present article aims to investigate the development of legal word units in Armenian according to Ghazar Parpetsi’s History of Armenia by analyzing these words and terms both from synchronic and diachronic points of view. For this aim, we have made use of Ghazar Parpetsi’s concordance as a primary source for collecting legal words and terms.
Keywords and expressions. lexical stock, internal borrowing, external borrowing, legal, generalization, specialization, polysemancy, (Old Armenian) Grabar, Contemporary Armenian, past participle, adjective.
ZARUHI SOGHOMONYAN
Teacher at French University in Armenia
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Philology
EXPRESSIONS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE BRANDING OF POST-SOVIET UNIVERSITIES
Abstract
Despite the fact that there is a lot of discussion around the concept of digital transformation, a review of the literature shows that there are many different, often conflicting interpretations and definitions of this term. Some authors argue that digital transformation refers to the introduction of IT into the activities of the company, others consider it a natural, evolutionary process. Among the latter, one of the most complete and comprehensive concepts of digital transformation describes it as a natural process of development, in which digital technologies and opportunities are used to create business models that create value, as well as deliver more efficient services. It is also possible to consider digital transformation in terms of the interaction between organizational, structural, strategic and technological changes necessary to meet the requirements of the modern digital age.
The number of conceptual and empirical studies and publications about digital transformation has grown dramatically in recent years. A significant number are also publications related to digital transformation in the university system. However, at the time of writing this article, there were few works related to digital transformation in higher education in post-Soviet countries.
This article discusses the existing theories, approaches and models of digital transformation in order to derive a common terminology around which it will be possible to build a discourse. A literature study is also being carried out in order to build a model that will be used to study the branding of universities in the post-Soviet countries and its constituent elements. Finally, the results of the study show how digital transformation affects the brands of post-Soviet universities.
Keywords and phrases: digital transformation, brand, post-Soviet universities, higher education.
ANI MOMTSHYAN
Public Administration Academy of the Republic of Armenia
lecturer at the Chair of Administration
ARAM KARAPETYAN
National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia
International Scientific and Educational Center
Lecturer of the Chair of Economics and Management
PhD in Economics, associate professor
ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO THE GOVERNMENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE READINESS INDEX
Abstract
In today's rapidly developing world, many branches of the economy are trying to adapt to new technologies and automate as many processes as possible. Today, we are witnessing the rise of new technologies, with artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI) as the driver of software and the spearhead of the fourth industrial revolution.
In the context of the current developments in the field of AI, we emphasize the multi-faceted study of the policies conducted by the countries of the region (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Iran, hereinafter referred to as the CR countries) in order to reveal the degree of digitization of their economies, the directions of the main application of AI, the results obtained from political initiatives, AI risks and opportunities, obstacles and reasons for their occurrence.
Various stakeholders are interested in the process of developing a national AI strategy not to win the global AI race, but to create a powerful toolkit in this era of technological change to protect their citizens and prepare them for the expected technological changes. Countries with scarce resources but great human potential, such as Armenia, are obliged to take steps to remain an active participant in the field. The implementation of the AI strategy, which is most relevant to the Armenian reality, will help the policy makers of the sector to make effective decisions, as well as a number of developments, such as: the formation of a harmonious and effective education system, the transition from the middle level of education to the higher level and from subpar technologies to superior ones, increasing the mobility of the state administration system, as a result of which the slowness of decision-making and implementation will be pushed into the background, the acceleration of the process of various structural reforms of companies and public organizations through the introduction of state tax and preferential programs.
The main goal of the article is to assess the position of the countries of the region in the field of artificial intelligence by analyzing AI readiness index and to identify the directions of main application. The article concludes to localize the solutions currently used by leading countries for further development of AI-based systems and technologies, reveal opportunities for cooperation between stakeholders in different countries and establish flexible, competitive digital communication processes between government departments, the private sector, and society.
Keywords and phrases: Government AI Readiness Index, AI National Strategy, Cybersecurity, Chatbot.
GAYANE POGHOSYAN
UNESCO Chair on “Education for Sustainable Development”,
Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA,
Chairholder,
PhD in biology,
ANAHIT GASPARYAN
UNESCO Chair on “Education for Sustainable Development”,
Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA,
Expert,
PhD in biology
MERI GRIGORYAN
UNESCO Chair on “Education for Sustainable Development”,
Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA,
Methodologist
YELENA AMIRYAN
UNESCO Chair on “Education for Sustainable Development”,
Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of NAS RA,
Methodologist
NEW EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A PLEDGE TO PROMOTE LIFELONG LEARNING
Abstract
Lifelong Learning implies that a person needs to learn continuously in order to enhance knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies. Learning should be implemented for the whole life span not only through natural communication or life experiences, but also benefiting from a variety of conscious educational opportunities, including new technologies. Along with formal, non-formal and informal education, the priority is given to the implementation of modern educational technologies and strategies – transition from passive to active learning, as well as to the introduction of informational technologies in the education process.
The aim of the research is to contribute to the successful implementation of lifelong learning in Armenia by using new educational technologies, based on the analysis of the theoretical foundations of lifelong learning, and thereby support the development of a person's opportunities to live in a democratic society.
Based on the analysis of foreign and local literature, this article brings up a historical overview of the experience of different countries and the approaches of the authors. The conducted theoretical-methodological analysis allowed us to assume that almost all European countries, as well as China, have moved from continuing to adult education and then to lifelong learning.
The article refers to the factors that affect the implementation of lifelong education in Armenia and presents the steps that are necessary to ensure the successful realization of the process. Recommendations were made based on the analysis and our studies.
As a result of the research, it was found that the training of teachers is the most essential step towards realizing a lifelong education system in Armenia, thus creating a number of opportunities for the future, such as:
• raising the awareness of students regarding lifelong education and encourage their professional orientation,
• using traditional and non-traditional educational methods, the latest digital technologies to create an educational environment, based on national and international experience,
• developing an appropriate materials-technical base,
• establishing cooperation with experts and technological centers of different countries.
It was also found out from the studies that in the process of development of education and reform policies, it is necessary to take into account both the historical and socio-economic development features of the given country.
Keywords and phrases: Lifelong Learning; formal, non-formal and informal education; knowledge, skills and competence; distance learning; educational technologies.
ANAHIT GRIGORYAN
The Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA,
researcher,
SIRANUSH DILANYAN
The Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA
researcher, candidate of chemical science
ARTUR HARUTYUNYAN
The Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA
head of lab.,
Doctor of Chemical Sciences
RUZANNA PARONIKYZN
The Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry NAS RA
Doctor of Biological Sciences
leading researcher,
ANTIMONOAMINE OXIDASE PROPERTIES OF SUBSTITUTED 5-ARYLOXYMETHYL-1,2,4-TRIAZOLES
Abstract
Studies on the synthesis of new functionalized derivatives of the five-membered heterocycle 1,2,4-triazole are still relevant due to the effectiveness of drugs based on them that have entered medical practice. Antifungal drugs such as fluconazole and itraconazole are of particular interest among them. , voriconazole, antiviral - ribavirin, antitumor - anastrozole, letrozol, vorozol, etc. Many polysubstituted 1,2.4-triazoles exhibit pronounced antibacterial activity, combining various pharmacologically active groups in the structure. It has been established that the introduction of halogen-containing aryl- and aryloxymethyl substituents into various positions of the heterocycle ring significantly increases the activity shown or expands the spectrum of the biological action of the compounds [1]. At the same time, hydrophobic aromatic groups reduce the solubility of the drug in an aqueous medium and thus limit their applicability in clinical therapy. From this point of view, it is preferable to functionalize with hydrophilic substituents, including hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, and amide groups, which contribute to the water solubility of the target compounds.
Previously, we also reported on the antitumor and antibacterial properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing similar structural fragments. In some of them, for the first time, we have revealed an inhibitory effect on the level of tumor DNA methylation, and DNA methylation inhibitors are effectively used to treat certain forms of cancer. Taking into account the published data and based on our works, which testify to the prospects of research in this area, in this work we undertook the synthesis of new polyfunctional 1,2,4-triazoles.
The effect of triazoles substituted with polar and hydrophobic groups on the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) of bovine brain in vitro research was studied. Serotonin (5-OT) creatinine sulfate was used as a substrate. MAO activity was determined in 50% brain homogenate. It has been established that individual substituted triazoles exhibit moderate anti-MAO-ase properties, which are some what more pronounced in a series of derivatives with carboxyl and nitrile groups. At the same time, there are no distinct relationships between the structure of the compounds, their antimonoamine oxidase activity, and the values of physicochemical descriptors.
Keywords and phrases: Substituted triazole, antimonoamine oxidase activity, physicochemical descriptors.
